#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using ll = long long;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::vector;
using std::array;
using std::pair;
using std::ranges::min;
ll correct_sol(ll n, const vector<ll>& a) {
    vector<array<ll, 60>> pref(n + 1);
    for (ll i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
	pref[i + 1] = pref[i];
        for (ll b = 0; b < 60; ++b)
            pref[i + 1][b] += (a[i] >> b) & 1;
    }
    ll ans = 0;
	for (ll i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
		for (ll b = 0; i + (1 << b) - 1 < n; ++b) {
			auto check = [&] (ll L, ll R) {
				bool good = true;
				for (ll b2 = b + 1; b2 < 60; ++b2) {
					ll x = (a[i] >> b2) & 1;
					ll y = pref[R][b2] - pref[L][b2];
					if (x == 0) good &= y == 0;
					else good &= y == (R - L);
				}
				return good;
			};
			ll L = i - 1 + (1 << b), R = min(n, L + (1 << b));
			if (check(L, R)) {
				ans += R - L;
				continue;
			}
			ll lo = L - 1, hi = R - 1;
			while (lo < hi) {
				ll mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
				if (check(lo, mid + 1))
					lo = mid + 1;
				else
					hi = mid;
			}
			ans += hi - L;
			break;
		}
	}
	return ans;
}
ll my_sol(ll n, const vector<ll>& a) {
	// bits[j].first stores whether the j'th bit of the last num was set
	// bits[j].second stores how many contigous previous num had the same bits[j].first
	vector<pair<ll, ll>> bits(60);
	ll ans = 0;
	for (ll i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i){
		ll min_right = n;
		for (ll j = 0; j < 60; ++j){
			bool cur_bit = a[i] & (1ll << j);
			if (cur_bit == bits[j].first)
				++bits[j].second;
			else
				bits[j] = {cur_bit, 1};
			if (bits[j].second < (1ll << j))
				min_right = min(min_right, i + bits[j].second);
		}
		ans += min_right - i;
	}
	return ans;
}
static std::mt19937_64 RNG(std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
int main(){
	std::freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout);
	ll t;
	cin >> t;
	while (t--){
		ll n = RNG() % 200000 + 1;
		vector<ll> a(n);
		for (ll& x : a)
			x = RNG() % (1ll << 60);
		ll ans1 = correct_sol(n, a);
		ll ans2 = my_sol(n, a);
		if (ans1 != ans2){
			cout << n << '\n';
			for (ll& x : a)
				cout << x << ' ';
			cout << "\nCorrect: " << ans1 << "\nMine: " << ans2;
			return 0;
		}
	}
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using ll = long long;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::vector;
using std::min;
using std::max;
int main() {
    std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--){
        ll n, dump;
        cin >> n >> dump >> dump;
        vector<ll> a(n);
        for (ll& x : a)
            cin >> x;
        vector<ll> ans(n), seq{0};
        for (ll idx = 1; idx < n; ++idx){
            ll safety = seq.front();
            while (!seq.empty() && a[seq.back()] > a[idx])
                seq.pop_back();
            ll prev_idx = seq.empty() ? safety : seq.back();
            ans[idx] = ans[prev_idx] + (idx - prev_idx) * max(a[prev_idx], a[idx]);
            seq.push_back(idx);
        }
        cout << ans.back() << '\n';
    }
}