Codeforces Round 696 (Div. 2) |
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Finished |
Lunar rover finally reached planet X. After landing, he met an obstacle, that contains permutation $$$p$$$ of length $$$n$$$. Scientists found out, that to overcome an obstacle, the robot should make $$$p$$$ an identity permutation (make $$$p_i = i$$$ for all $$$i$$$).
Unfortunately, scientists can't control the robot. Thus the only way to make $$$p$$$ an identity permutation is applying the following operation to $$$p$$$ multiple times:
Scientists asked you to find out the maximum possible time it will take the robot to finish making $$$p$$$ an identity permutation (i. e. worst-case scenario), so they can decide whether they should construct a new lunar rover or just rest and wait. They won't believe you without proof, so you should build an example of $$$p$$$ and robot's operations that maximizes the answer.
For a better understanding of the statement, read the sample description.
The first line of input contains a single integer $$$t$$$ ($$$1 \leq t \leq 10^4$$$) — the number of test cases.
Each of next $$$t$$$ lines contains the single integer $$$n$$$ ($$$2 \leq n \leq 10^5$$$) – the length of $$$p$$$.
Note, that $$$p$$$ is not given to you. You should find the maximum possible time over all permutations of length $$$n$$$.
It is guaranteed, that the total sum of $$$n$$$ over all test cases doesn't exceed $$$10^5$$$.
For each test case in the first line, print how many seconds will the robot spend in the worst case.
In the next line, print the initial value of $$$p$$$ that you used to construct an answer.
In the next line, print the number of operations $$$m \leq n$$$ that the robot makes in your example.
In the each of next $$$m$$$ lines print two integers $$$i$$$ and $$$j$$$ — indices of positions that the robot will swap on this operation. Note that $$$p_j = i$$$ must holds (at the time of operation).
3 2 3 3
1 2 1 1 2 1 5 2 3 1 2 1 3 3 2 5 2 3 1 2 1 3 2 3
For $$$n = 2$$$, $$$p$$$ can be either $$$[1, 2]$$$ or $$$[2, 1]$$$. In the first case $$$p$$$ is already identity, otherwise robot will make it an identity permutation in $$$1$$$ second regardless of choise $$$i$$$ and $$$j$$$ on the first operation.
For $$$n = 3$$$, $$$p$$$ can be equals $$$[2, 3, 1]$$$.
We can show, that for permutation of length $$$3$$$ robot will always finish all operation in no more than $$$5$$$ seconds.
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