MikeMirzayanov's blog

By MikeMirzayanov, 6 years ago, translation, In English

Hello, Codeforces!

I am pleased to invite you to Codeforces Round 547 (Div. 3), which will start on Mar/19/2019 17:35 (Moscow time). Everyone whose current rating is strictly less than 1600 is invited to participate officially. All others can take part out of the competition.

It so happened that the schedule of this month is not replete with rounds (coordinators, we hope for you!). Therefore I decided to partially correct the situation. All the problems of this round were invented and prepared by me on the last day of Hello Muscat Programming Bootcamp 2019 and on flights from Muscat to St. Petersburg. I even specially noted the time for preparation: for the current moment (the problems are ready for testing) I spent about 6 hours on their preparation, including inventing some of the problems. I really like working on problems, this is something at the intersection of creativity and programming. I really hope you enjoy the result of my work.



I am in Oman while writing the problems for the round.

The round will be hosted by rules of educational rounds (extended ICPC). Thus, during the round, solutions will be judged on preliminary tests, and after the round it will be a 12-hour phase of open hacks. I tried to make strong tests — just like you will be upset if many solutions fail after the contest is over. You will be given 6-8 problems for 2 hours to solve them.

Note that the penalty for incorrect submissions in this round is 10 minutes.

Remember that only the trusted participants of the third division will be included in the official standings table. As it is written by link, this is a compulsory measure for combating unsporting behavior. To qualify as a trusted participants of the third division, you must:

  • take part in at least two rated rounds (and solve at least one problem in each of them),
  • do not have a point of 1900 or higher in the rating.

Regardless of whether you are a trusted participant of the third division or not, if your rating is less than 1600, then the round will be rated for you.

I hope a little later a list of thanks to testers will appear instead of this paragraph. So far I only plan to give the round to testing. Many thanks to the testers ivan100sic, KrK, Benq, I_love_Tanya_Romanova, nhho! UPD: And extra thanks to more testers Pavs, awoo, Narts, anon20016, Stresshoover, Ivan19981305.

Good luck on the round
MikeMirzayanov

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6 years ago, # |
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Round #543?

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MikeMirzayanov is always ready to take codeforces to a great level. Thank you so much for providing us a great platform to learn.

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from where mike mirzayanov practice problems ?

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Thank you for this sudden surprise during these boring holidays

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Just asking, but how many time did you sleep for the last two days?

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I'm happy :)

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I'm a simple man, i see Mike i upvote

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Where are div1 rounds?))

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Will Div.2+3 be a new kind of contest

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Happy to know that the test cases will be stronger enough.

Best of luck

Happy Coding

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Where's the "Thanks to MikeMirzayanov for codeforces and polygon"???

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A round without dear Vovuh, but we still got the great Mike :D
Looking forward to it. ;)

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It seems to have been quite a while since the last contest has ended. So I'm looking forward to the next contest. :)

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Great to see Mike frequent involvement in the codeforces community, really inspiring :-)

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last div3 was awesome!! looking forward to this now...

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"It so happened that the schedule of this month is not replete with rounds..." true... thats sad :(

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wow(copy-paste is not contained in the blog of div3 round). I think it is going to be an interesting contest.

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CF-MEME-2
:3

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I'm so happy that the original creator is still in touch with us students. Even takes time to think up new and creative problems for us in Div 3 :D

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You forgot to thank MikeMirzayanov for the awesome Codeforces and Polygon platforms, hope everything goes well!

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I think two hours isn't enough to solve 8 problems!!!

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    It is real to do this, and if this fails, you can always complete tasks after the competition

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    well it obviously isn't but do they care? no, they don't care about us

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Well, it is harder than normal div3.

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One of the best contests I have given. All the problems were very interesting. Problem F was very good, I thought of the logic but could not code it within time.

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I think this Div.3 is a Good Contest with high quality

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I rewrote my solution for D at the last moment and submitted when 3/4 minutes was remaining.But it was kept in queue for the last 3/4 minutes . And after the contest ended I now see that I got WA for a small mistake that I could have fixed if the verdict was given on time . Is this fair !!!

If there is In Queue problem the duration of round should be extended

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C was nice. Other ones- Don't give up while implementing. (I did) :p

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    I go TLE. i tried to avoid it but got TLE in different test cases.

    This is my Code

    any hint ?

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      assuming there are n numbers then you can get n equations with n variables from the constraints given. Use the fact that the sum of numbers is S= n*(n+1)/2 and other n-1 equations can be obtained from the q array. You can get the last number using these equations and then all other numbers can be calculated using this and q array.

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      If you get any element other can be found. So we try to find out the first one. Observe that p2=p1+q1 , p3=p2+q2 = p1+q1+q2 , p4 = p3+q3 = p1+q1+q2+q3 and so on. So add all p1,p2...pn which is an equation in p1 and you already know the sum of the expression. Thus you get p1 and other elements. Output -1 if p1 is not an integer or obtained permutation doesn't contain all numbers from 1 to n.

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      The time complexity of your code is O(n*n)

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C was very nice problem, can anybody explain me the approach. Can't wait till editorials are out!

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    You are given essentially a difference array, so if you compute the prefix sum array you should get the original elements offset by some number. You keep track of minimum and maximum of this prefix array, and the first element should be 1-minimum. While constructing the original array you also make sure each element from 1 to N is seen once only.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    Hello! Let's write our array as: p2-p1, p3-p2, p4-p3, ... , p(n) — p(n — 1).

    Now let's find the prefix sum of this array. Then we will have following: p2-p1, p3-p1, p4-p1, ... , p(n) — p1.

    I think it is obvious that if we have two same elements in the prefix sum array then answer is -1.

    Otherwise let's take element n-p1 (it is the maximum). Let it be equal X. Then n-p1 = X -> p1 = n-X. Now, using this p1, we can construct our array. If such answer is valid, we can print it. Otherwise answer is -1.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    You can assume the first element be x. then the second element is q1 + x third element is q1 + q2 + x. the fourth element is q1 + q2 + q3 + x and so on. the sum of all elements is (n*(n+1))/2

    so you can find the value of x.

    after finding x you can easily find entire permutation

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    I solved using prefix sums and some basic maths.

    Approach:

    $$$(q_1) = (a_2-a_1)$$$

    $$$(q_1+q_2) = (a_3-a_1)$$$

    $$$(q_1+q_2+q_3) = (a_4-a_1)$$$

    And so on. Summing all the above equations we get:

    $$$\Sigma ($$$prefix terms of $$$q)=(a_2+a_3+...+a_n)-a_1(n-1)$$$

    $$$\Sigma ($$$prefix terms of $$$q)=((n*(n+1)/2)-a_1)-a_1(n-1)$$$

    Find $$$a_1$$$ from the above equation. Once you find $$$a_1$$$, you can easily find the rest terms using the given values of $$$q$$$. Finally, check if all terms are present in the range $$$1$$$ to $$$n$$$ and also check if all terms are distinct or not. If not, print $$$-1$$$ and exit. Else print the numbers.

    I'll leave the implementation part for you to try. Hope this helps. Happy Coding.

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      Nicely explained. Thanks

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      I followed the way you explained but getting WA could you please give a look here? 51556867

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        6 years ago, # ^ |
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        You are probably getting an integer overflow. Make sure you have used the right data types.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    Think of it as plotting n points on a 2d grid where the index of the array is the x coordinate and value at that index is the y coordinate, start from (1,0) (assume the value of the first element to be 0) and use the given array q for calculating the position of next points. a[1] = 0 a[2] = a[1] + q[1] a[3] = a[2] + q[2] and so on. Now find the minimum value in this array, let the minimum value we get from the constructed array be min_val. Now add min_val+1 to all the elements of the array (shifting the whole plotted figure up so that the lowest point is 1).Now check whether the array is a valid permutation or not and print the result. Here's the implementation of above mentioned approach. 51508498 Hope this helps.

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    My approach i wrote the O(n ^ 2) approach to find a sequence. let's assume that the first element is a1 = n, so we get sequence a1, a2, .., an if we decrease the first element by 1 all other elements also decrease by 1 so i assume that the first element is n and i make sure that are elements are distinct and if i increase or decrease my sequence the min and max element inside the sequence is 1 and n. 51541819

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The speed at which people here solve problems is just unbelievable! Kudos!

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Kudos to MikeMirzayanov. Organized a great Div. 3 round in minimal time!

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Well I thought there were ONLY 24!!!! characters in English then I got sweet WA for D at last second, switch to 26 after the contest and I got AC What the heck I am thinking about ????

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Problem G is a fake problem! I'm so weak

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Could you help me problem C, I got TLE. I generate all permutation and check for each of them. My code: https://ideone.com/PME2fJ

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    This complexity is too high I think you should learn from others' code.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    The number of all permutation is $$$O(n!)$$$, and for each permuation, you need $$$O(n)$$$ to check it.

    So your solution is $$$O(n\cdot n!)$$$, quite large :(

    You can try an array $$$n, n-1, n-2,\dots,1$$$, and n is $$$10^5$$$, your solution will get TLE :(

    When n is quite small, your solution can get the answer.

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      Thank you! I will tried another solution.

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How to solve problem F?

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    Just use map<int,vector<R,L>> store the sum of every l and r,after that you can sort the vector and get the answer.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    $$$n \le 1500$$$, so you can use a map to store each block with the same sum.

    For each sum, there are many segments, and some of them may intersect. so you need to calculate the maximum number of disjoint segments, and this problem an be solved using greedy algorithm.

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      How would you calculate time complexity for this solution? O(n^2) for all possible sum but what about upper bound on processing each vector corresponding to a certain possible sum?

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        6 years ago, # ^ |
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        There are $$$n^2$$$ possible sum, so $$$O(n^2 log n^2)$$$ insert all the sum into the map.

        In the greedy algorithm, we also need at most $$$O(n^2 log n^2)$$$ to sort all the elements(each element will be sorted at most once), and $$$O(n^2)$$$ to get the answer.

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        6 years ago, # ^ |
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        Same as total times insertion is done because each pair is processed only once.

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I enjoyed this round Strong pretests and balanced problemset

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Awsome DIV3 contest!!!

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can someone please help with f2

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For question 2, How

1
1

is invalid input. According to question it seems good.

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i have a question what will happen if you hack your own code?

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How to solve H?

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kudos to MikeMirzayanov !!! . Conducted really good round with awesome questions.

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Why its showing WA even though the TC is giving the correct result on my PC. solution

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    I'm pretty sure that your solution also gives the wrong result on your computer. Check again.

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plz find a test case at which my solution is getting wrong answer. https://codeforces.net/contest/1141/submission/51545372

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Problem E , Can anyone tell me why this code is giving wrong answer at test case : 92

https://codeforces.net/contest/1141/submission/51547489

what i did is , suppose we had played x-1 round and currently at round x , we will check whether we can kill monter in that round x or not , if yes we shift high to curr round — 1 else low to curr round + 1 .

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    Write a brute-force program and make some small scale random input to check whether your algorithm is correct.

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    If you can't kill the monster in round x, it doesn't mean that you can't kill it in earlier rounds.

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    why i am dwnvted. have i asked anything wrong

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.

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Overall round was pretty good, I thought that this was one of the easier Div 3. Although wish I had 10 more min to submit E ;) I hope to see more of these types of problems in the future.

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anyone could say me the solution of problem G ?

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    So, I haven’t submitted this solution yet, but I think I have the idea.

    Generate the degree sequence for the tree. The k nodes with the highest degrees will be bad nodes. Then the (k+1)th highest degree (call it c) will be the number of colors needed so that (n-k) nodes are good and k are bad. That is, with c colors, we can color edges so that (n-k) nodes have edges of all distinct colors. This will work because (n-k) nodes will have degrees <= c.

    We can then choose a root, and greedily color the tree from the top down.

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      why color the edge greedily will be the answer ? (with dfs)

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        6 years ago, # ^ |
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        let's say the highest degree is C.

        if we're at a node which has a degree greater than C we can colour them all the same colour, it doesn't really matter. If it's less than or equal to C, we start colouring it from 1 and keep incrementing it for each child(with the exception that it can't be the edge connecting it to the parent's colour)

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          6 years ago, # ^ |
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          thank you . i understood very well :)

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Here,the scenario is look like for starting questions Div2<Div3

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Has anyone solved problem E using Binary search, I am getting wrong answer on test case 17.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    Your binary search borders are so high they cause long long overflow in min hp calculations.

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      Yes i got it why it is failing. can u suggest what changes should i make?

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        I set the upper bound to $$$\lceil \frac{hp}{-sum} \rceil$$$ in my solution and it worked fine.

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          6 years ago, # ^ |
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          Yes, you are applying binary search for the round right? I was applying for the minute at which the monster will be killed. The solution with binary search on rounds got accepted. Thanks.

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            6 years ago, # ^ |
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            Oh, true, binary search on minute is surely inapplicable.

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              6 years ago, # ^ |
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              I had to post this

              Spoiler
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    yes.. i solved it.. see my solution and if doubt dm or tag me in announcement

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      Yes, I saw ur solution, it was involving binary search on rounds right? I was applying binary search for the exact minute at which the monster will be killed, and apparently as Pikmike mentioned, while calculation of min, long long would overflow. Thanks for help!

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        6 years ago, # ^ |
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        no calculation of minute along with overflow will give wrong answer .

        if it is not possible to kill monter in x th minute then its not possible to kill monster in < x minutes , is wrong approach . u have to take rounds .

        at first i thougt bs on minutes , but laster i realized its wrong .

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Why my contribution went from 0 to -4 by itself (just wondering)

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whats going on?? why C is rejudged?

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Problem c Many people construct a sequence starting at 1, and then judge whether {1 2 3 ... n} is satisfied. In the judgment, some people use the Vis array mark to determine whether there are duplicate numbers. This is not a good solution. Considering the worst case, (2e5 19999 19999.....), this will appear. The case where the array is out of bounds.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    Meh, that's the boring hack. Check this solution 51538168! $$$cp$$$ gets equal to $$$-2^{31}$$$, then $$$x$$$ becomes $$$2^{31} + 1 = -2^{31} + 2$$$ and thus no $$$-1$$$ checks are hit because the conditions are too weak.

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      X and map should be long long? I think his code is not rigorous.

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        Basically, $$$x$$$ and $$$cp$$$ is enough to be long long. I don't think you can break map being int tbh.

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C:

Runtime error on test 42;

solved: 5->4;

standing:249->756;

I:happy->unhappy;

Anyway, excellent and innovative problemset .

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    You are already very good, I only solved 3 problems.

    Great contest, I learned a lot of ways to think about the problem.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    Same thing happened with many people(including me).

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    Not sure those are final, as an unrated before taking part in the contest, I'm already rated, but seems final standings are yet to be shown.

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Can anybody please tell me why this solution for problem F2 is failing at test case 28?

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    The segments should be sorted by the right end, so you greedily take always the one that ends the earliest.

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      Thanks. Just by changing sort to right end it passed all the test cases.

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Someone, Please explain D.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    Just think simple!
    We know that ? will make compatible pair with anything!
    So first we make pairs that doesn't have any ? and after that pairs that has exactly one ? and at the end pairs that are both ?.
    It is clear that the algorithm is the optimal.

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6 years ago, # |
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wrong answer in D: "You can't use one boot in two pairs", can anyone tell me what it means? and why it give me a wrong answer, this is my practiceYour text to link here...

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    Look, the boots are for the left or for the right foot.
    You want to match these boots (make pairs of left and right boots).
    And "You can't use one boot in two pairs" means that you can't match a boot with two other boots.
    For example you have two boots of left foot numbered 1 and 2, and two boots of right foot numbered 3 and 4. you can't match boot number 1 with boots 3 and 4, you can choose at most one of them.

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      oh, Thanks for your answer! I have thought that! But why my practice is wrong, I have checked for much time, can you speed a little time checking my practice? Wrong answer on test 22, the test data is so long, I can't see the remaining part.

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6 years ago, # |
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I thought successful hacking would add my points, but it seems to be not the case. The rule says it's worth 100 points. Has it been changed?

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    that is for div2 and div1 contests (expect educationals).
    hacks in contest's that have hacking phase after the contest don't have any point.

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      Thanks for clarification! Is it stated somewhere?

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6 years ago, # |
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6 years ago, # |
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Thank you for this good contest.

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6 years ago, # |
Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

Why did so many people fail problem C? Somehow, my solution passed but I was still wondering.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    most people did not check the duplicate elements they generated in permutation

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6 years ago, # |
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C was indeed a creative problem! :)

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6 years ago, # |
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When can we expect editorial of this contest?