t = int(input())
for i in range(t):
    n = int(input())
    print(2 ** n - 1)

for _ in range(int(input())):
	n = int(input())
	if 3**(n-1) > 10**9:
		print("NO")
	else:
		print("YES")
		print(*[3**x for x in range(n)])

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define fore(i, l, r) for(int i = int(l); i < int(r); i++)

typedef long long li;

const int INF = int(1e9);

int n;
vector<int> a, b;

inline bool read() {
	if(!(cin >> n))
		return false;
	a.resize(n);
	fore (i, 0, n)
		cin >> a[i];
	b.resize(n);
	fore (i, 0, n)
		cin >> b[i];
	return true;
}

int bestCandidate(const vector<int> &vals, int cur) {
	int bst = INF + 10, pos = -1;
	fore (i, 0, n) {
		if (bst > abs(cur - vals[i])) {
			bst = abs(cur - vals[i]);
			pos = i;
		}
	}
	return pos;
}

inline void solve() {
	li bst = 10ll * INF;
	
	vector<int> cds1 = {0, bestCandidate(b, a[0]), n - 1};
	vector<int> cds2 = {0, bestCandidate(b, a[n - 1]), n - 1};
	
	for (int var1 : cds1) {
		for (int var2 : cds2) {
			li ans = (li)abs(a[0] - b[var1]) + abs(a[n - 1] - b[var2]);
			
			if (var1 > 0 && var2 > 0)
				ans += abs(b[0] - a[bestCandidate(a, b[0])]);
			if (var1 < n - 1 && var2 < n - 1)
				ans += abs(b[n - 1] - a[bestCandidate(a, b[n - 1])]);
			
			bst = min(bst, ans);
		}
	}
	cout << bst << endl;
}

int main() {
#ifdef _DEBUG
	freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
#endif
	ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
	
	int t; cin >> t;
	while (t--) {
		read();
		solve();
	}
	return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int dx[] = {0, 0, -1, 1};
int dy[] = {-1, 1, 0, 0};

int main() {
#ifdef _DEBUG
    freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
//  freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout);
#endif
    
    int n;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    vector<pair<int, int>> a(n);
    for (auto &[x, y] : a) scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
    
    set<pair<int, int>> st(a.begin(), a.end());
    map<pair<int, int>, pair<int, int>> ans;
    queue<pair<int, int>> q;
    for (auto [x, y] : a) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
            int nx = x + dx[i], ny = y + dy[i];
            if (st.count({nx, ny})) {
                continue;
            }
            ans[{x, y}] = {nx, ny};
            q.push({x, y});
            break;
        }
    }
    
    while (!q.empty()) {
        int x = q.front().first, y = q.front().second;
        q.pop();
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
            int nx = x + dx[i], ny = y + dy[i];
            if (!st.count({nx, ny}) || ans.count({nx, ny})) {
                continue;
            }
            ans[{nx, ny}] = ans[{x, y}];
            q.push({nx, ny});
        }
    }
    
    for (auto [x, y] : a) {
        auto it = ans[{x, y}];
        printf("%d %d\n", it.first, it.second);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = 3043;

vector<int> g[2 * N];
int n;
int used[2 * N];

int choose2(int n)
{
    return n * (n + 1) / 2;
}

int count_ways(int L, int R, const vector<int>& forbidden)
{
    if(L > R)
    {
        int ml = *min_element(forbidden.begin(), forbidden.end());
        int mr = *max_element(forbidden.begin(), forbidden.end());
        return choose2(ml) + choose2(mr - ml - 1) + choose2(n - 1 - mr);
    }
    int minl = 0;
    int maxl = L;
    int minr = R;
    int maxr = n - 1;
    for(auto x : forbidden)
    {
        if(L <= x && x <= R)
            return 0;
        else if(x < L) minl = max(minl, x + 1);
        else maxr = min(maxr, x - 1);
    }                            
    return (maxl - minl + 1) * (maxr - minr + 1);
}

vector<int> cur;

void dfs(int x)
{
    if(used[x] == 1) return;
    used[x] = 1;
    cur.push_back(x);
    for(auto y : g[x]) dfs(y);
}

long long calc(const vector<int>& cycle)
{
    int m = cycle.size();
    int k = m / 2;
    long long ans = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int z = cycle[i];
        if(z >= n) z -= n;
        ans += choose2(n) * 1ll * (choose2(z) + 0ll + choose2(n - z - 1));
        int l = n - 1, r = 0, L = n - 1, R = 0;
        int pl = i, pr = i;
        for(int j = 0; j < k; j++)
        {
            for(auto x : vector<int>({cycle[pl], cycle[pr]}))
            {
                if(x < n)
                {
                    l = min(l, x);
                    r = max(r, x);
                }
                else
                {
                    L = min(L, x - n);
                    R = max(R, x - n);
                }
            }
            vector<int> f, F;
            pl--;
            if(pl < 0) pl += m;
            pr++;
            if(pr >= m) pr -= m;
            for(auto x : vector<int>({cycle[pl], cycle[pr]}))
            {                     
                if(x < n) f.push_back(x);
                else F.push_back(x - n);
            }
            long long add = count_ways(l, r, f) * 1ll * count_ways(L, R, F);
            ans += add;
        }
    }
    return ans;       
}

int main()
{
    cin >> n;
    for(int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++)
    {
        int x, y;
        cin >> x >> y;
        --x;
        --y;
        g[x].push_back(y);
        g[y].push_back(x);
    }
    long long ans = n * 1ll * choose2(n) * 1ll * choose2(n) * 2ll;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        if(used[i]) continue;
        dfs(i);
        vector<int> cycle = cur;
        ans -= calc(cycle);
        cur = vector<int>();
    }
    cout << ans / 2 << endl;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define forn(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < int(n); i++)

using namespace std;

struct node{
	node *l, *r;
	long long sumc, sumr;
	node() : l(NULL), r(NULL), sumc(0), sumr(0) {}
	node(node* l, node* r, long long sumc, long long sumr) : l(l), r(r), sumc(sumc), sumr(sumr) {}
};

node* build(int l, int r, vector<int> &c){
	if (l == r - 1)
		return new node(NULL, NULL, c[l], 0);
	int m = (l + r) / 2;
	node* nw = new node();
	nw->l = build(l, m, c);
	nw->r = build(m, r, c);
	nw->sumc = nw->l->sumc + nw->r->sumc;
	return nw;
}

node* upd(node* v, int l, int r, int pos, int val){
	if (l == r - 1)
		return new node(NULL, NULL, 0, val);
	int m = (l + r) / 2;
	node* nw = new node(v->l, v->r, 0, 0);
	if (pos < m)
		nw->l = upd(v->l, l, m, pos, val);
	else
		nw->r = upd(v->r, m, r, pos, val);
	nw->sumc = nw->l->sumc + nw->r->sumc;
	nw->sumr = nw->l->sumr + nw->r->sumr;
	return nw;
}

long long getsum(node *v, int mult){
	return v->sumc + v->sumr * mult;
}

int trav(node *v, int l, int r, int L, int R, long long &lft, int mult){
	if (L >= R){
		return 0;
	}
	if (l == L && r == R && lft - getsum(v, mult) >= 0){
		lft -= getsum(v, mult);
		return r - l;
	}
	if (l == r - 1){
		return 0;
	}
	int m = (l + r) / 2;
	int cnt = trav(v->l, l, m, L, min(m, R), lft, mult);
	if (cnt == max(0, min(m, R) - L))
		cnt += trav(v->r, m, r, max(m, L), R, lft, mult);
	return cnt;
}

struct seg{
	int l, r, lst, cur;
};

int main() {
	int n;
	scanf("%d", &n);
	vector<int> c(n), r(n);
	forn(i, n) scanf("%d%d", &c[i], &r[i]);
	
	vector<int> ord(n);
	iota(ord.begin(), ord.end(), 0);
	sort(ord.begin(), ord.end(), [&](int x, int y){
		return c[x] / r[x] > c[y] / r[y];
	});
	vector<int> vals;
	for (int i : ord) vals.push_back(c[i] / r[i]);
	
	vector<node*> root(1, build(0, n, c));
	for (int i : ord)
		root.push_back(upd(root.back(), 0, n, i, r[i]));
	
	vector<seg> st;
	for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i)
		st.push_back({i, i + 1, 0, c[i]});
	
	long long ans = 0;
	int q;
	scanf("%d", &q);
	forn(_, q){
		int t;
		long long h;
		scanf("%d%lld", &t, &h);
		while (!st.empty()){
			auto it = st.back();
			st.pop_back();
			if (it.r - it.l == 1){
				it.cur = min((long long)c[it.l], it.cur + (t - it.lst) * 1ll * r[it.l]);
				if (it.cur <= h){
					h -= it.cur;
				}
				else{
					st.push_back({it.l, it.r, t, int(it.cur - h)});
					h = 0;
				}
			}
			else{
				int mx = vals.rend() - lower_bound(vals.rbegin(), vals.rend(), t - it.lst);
				int res = it.l + trav(root[mx], 0, n, it.l, it.r, h, t - it.lst);
				assert(res <= it.r);
				if (res != it.r){
					if (it.r - res > 1)
						st.push_back({res + 1, it.r, it.lst, 0});
					int nw = min((long long)c[res], r[res] * 1ll * (t - it.lst));
					assert(nw - h > 0);
					st.push_back({res, res + 1, t, int(nw - h)});
					h = 0;
				}
			}
			if (h == 0){
				break;
			}
		}
		if (st.empty()){
			st.push_back({0, n, t, 0});
		}
		else if (st.back().l != 0){
			st.push_back({0, st.back().l, t, 0});
		}
		ans += h;
	}
	
	printf("%lld\n", ans);
	return 0;
}