This problem was asked in recent CodeNation Online Test

Given A,B,C — Count the number of valid arrays of size "A"; such that each number of the array is in the range [1,C]; and no subarray of length > B exists in the valid array such that all elements of that subarray are equal

1<=A<=10^9

1<=B<=50

1<=C<=10^5

A = 3

B = 1

C = 3

Output — 12

[121], [123], [131], [132], [213], [212], [231], [232], [312], [313], [321], [323] are all valid arrays.

Idea = Valid Arrays = Total — Invalid arrays = Counting of Invalid Arrays is easier than valid arrays as far as I can conclude.