For some reason, the output is not buffered in PyPy (unlike CPython).
So, for problems where you use lots of print
statements (especially in loops), unbuffered output has a significant effect on overall run-time performance.
For example, compare these 2 submissions -- 21354004, 21354013.
Both solutions are exactly the same except in the latter, stdout
is replaced by a buffer and all the output stored in the buffer is written to original stdout
at the end.
21354004 times out (1000ms TL) even though everything except buffering is same as 21354013.
21354013 runs in 360ms -- at least 3x faster than the unbuffered solution.
For explicit buffered output, prefix your code with following code like in 21354013
import atexit
import io
import sys
buff = io.BytesIO()
sys.stdout = buff
@atexit.register
def write():
sys.__stdout__.write(buff.getvalue())
# code
Edited template (with unbuffered input), post hellman_'s comment
import atexit
import io
import sys
_INPUT_LINES = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
raw_input = iter(_INPUT_LINES).next
_OUTPUT_BUFFER = io.BytesIO()
sys.stdout = _OUTPUT_BUFFER
@atexit.register
def write():
sys.__stdout__.write(_OUTPUT_BUFFER.getvalue())
# code