How to find the number of pairs of integers (x,y) such that gcd(x,y) = 1?
n<=1e6
x<y<=n
time limit = 2s
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Euler's totient function is the function $$$\phi(n) =$$$ the number of numbers $$$\le n$$$ and coprime to $$$n$$$. Sum that for all $$$y$$$ from $$$2$$$ to $$$n$$$
Hint: DP.
Solution: Let us solve the more general problem: how do you find the number of pairs ($$$p[d]$$$) of integers $$$(x, y)$$$ with a gcd of $$$d$$$?
Let $$$cnt[x]$$$ mean the number of times $$$x$$$ occurs as a divisor of a number in $$$a$$$. We would calculate this by iterating over all $$$a_i$$$ and finding its divisors, incrementing $$$cnt[d]$$$ for each divisor (in $$$O(n \sqrt[3]{n}$$$)
What if $$$d=\max{a_i}$$$? Then the answer is $$$\frac{cnt[d] \cdot (cnt[d]-1)}{2}$$$. Otherwise, let us initialize the answer for some $$$x<\max{a_i}$$$ to $$$\frac{cnt[x] \cdot (cnt[x]-1)}{2}$$$. This is almost correct, but will also count pairs with a gcd of $$$2x$$$, $$$3x$$$, $$$4x$$$, and so on. So we will subtract $$$p[2x]$$$, $$$p[3x]$$$, $$$p[4x]$$$. This will take $$$O(n \log{n})$$$ time.
Here's my code for Counting Coprime Pairs on CSES. Hope this helped!
It can be done fast using mobius inversion: https://codeforces.net/blog/entry/53925