for i in range(int(input())):
    x, y, k = map(int, input().split())
    print(((y + 1) * k - 1 + x - 2) // (x - 1) + k)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define sz(a) int((a).size())
#define forn(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < int(n); ++i)

void solve() {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<int> a(n), b(n), c;
    forn(i, n) cin >> a[i];
    forn(i, n) cin >> b[i];
    forn(i, n) if (!b[i])
        c.push_back(a[i]);
    sort(c.rbegin(), c.rend());
    int j = 0;
    forn(i, n) {
        if (b[i]) cout << a[i] << ' ';
        else cout << c[j++] << ' ';
    }
    cout << '\n';
}

int main() {
    int T;
    cin >> T;
    while (T--) solve();
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int main() {
#ifdef _DEBUG
    freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
//  freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout);
#endif
    
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        int n;
        cin >> n;
        vector<int> a(n);
        for (auto &it : a) cin >> it;
        int ans = 0;
        ans += a[0] == 1;
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
            if (a[i] == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            int j = i;
            while (j < n && a[j] == 1) {
                ++j;
            }
            ans += (j - i) / 3;
            i = j - 1;
        }
        cout << ans << endl;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int get(const set<int> &x, const multiset<int> &len) {
    if (len.empty()) return 0;
    return *x.rbegin() - *x.begin() - *len.rbegin();
}

void add(int p, set<int> &x, multiset<int> &len) {
    x.insert(p);
    auto it = x.find(p);
    int prv = -1, nxt = -1;
    if (it != x.begin()) {
        --it;
        len.insert(p - *it);
        prv = *it;
        ++it;
    }
    ++it;
    if (it != x.end()) {
        len.insert(*it - p);
        nxt = *it;
    }
    if (prv != -1 && nxt != -1) {
        len.erase(len.find(nxt - prv));
    }
}

void rem(int p, set<int> &x, multiset<int> &len) {
    auto it = x.find(p);
    int prv = -1, nxt = -1;
    if (it != x.begin()) {
        --it;
        len.erase(len.find(p - *it));
        prv = *it;
        ++it;
    }
    ++it;
    if (it != x.end()) {
        len.erase(len.find(*it - p));
        nxt = *it;
    }
    x.erase(p);
    if (prv != -1 && nxt != -1) {
        len.insert(nxt - prv);
    }
}

int main() {
#ifdef _DEBUG
    freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
//  freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout);
#endif
    
    int n, q;
    cin >> n >> q;
    set<int> x;
    multiset<int> len;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        int p;
        cin >> p;
        add(p, x, len);
    }
    
    cout << get(x, len) << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < q; ++i) {
        int t, p;
        cin >> t >> p;
        if (t == 0) {
            rem(p, x, len);
        } else {
            add(p, x, len);
        }
        cout << get(x, len) << endl;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = int(2e5) + 9;
const int MOD = 998244353;

int mul(int a, int b) {
    return (a * 1LL * b) % MOD;
}

int bp(int a, int n) {
    int res = 1;
    for (; n > 0; n /= 2) {
        if (n & 1) res = mul(res, a);
        a = mul(a, a);
    }
    
    return res;
}

int inv(int a) {
    int ia = bp(a, MOD - 2);
    assert(mul(a, ia) == 1);
    return ia;
}

int n, m;
int d[N];
long long sd[N];

long long sum (int l, int r) {
    return (sd[r] - sd[l]) % MOD;
}

int main(){
    cin >> n >> m;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        scanf("%d", d + i);
    sort(d, d + n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        sd[i + 1] = sd[i] + d[i];
        
    for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
        int a, b;
        scanf("%d%d", &a, &b); // dur, def
        int cnt = (d + n) - lower_bound(d, d + n, b);
        int res = 0;
        if (cnt >= a) {
            res = mul( mul(cnt - a, inv(cnt)), sum(n - cnt, n) );
            res += mul( mul(cnt - a + 1, inv(cnt + 1)), sum(0, n - cnt) );
            res %= MOD;
        }
        printf("%d\n", res);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define fore(i, l, r) for(int i = int(l); i < int(r); i++)
#define sz(a) int((a).size())

#define x first
#define y second

typedef long long li;
typedef pair<int, int> pt;

template<class A, class B> ostream& operator <<(ostream& out, const pair<A, B> &p) {
    return out << "(" << p.x << ", " << p.y << ")";
}
template<class A> ostream& operator <<(ostream& out, const vector<A> &v) {
    out << "[";
    fore(i, 0, sz(v)) {
        if(i) out << ", ";
        out << v[i];
    }
    return out << "]";
}

const int INF = int(1e9);
const li INF64 = li(1e18);

int n, m;
li l, r;

inline bool read() {
    if(!(cin >> n >> m))
        return false;
    cin >> l >> r;
    return true;
}

const int N = int(2e5) + 555;
vector<int> divs[N];

inline void solve() {
    fore(d, 1, N) {
        for(int pos = d; pos < N; pos += d)
            divs[pos].push_back(d);
    }
    
    li lf = m + 1, rg = m;
    vector<int> cnt(m + 1, 0);
    vector<int> id(m + 1, -1);
    set<int> curDivs;
    
    vector< vector<int> > ans(n + 1);
    
    fore(x1, 1, n + 1) {
        li newlf = (l + x1 - 1) / x1;
        li newrg = r / x1;
        assert(newrg - newlf + 1 >= 0);
        
        while (lf > newlf) {
            lf--;
            for (int d : divs[lf]) {
                if (cnt[d] == 0)
                    curDivs.insert(d);
                cnt[d]++;
                id[d] = (int)lf;
            }
        }
        while (rg > newrg) {
            for (int d : divs[rg]) {
                cnt[d]--;
                if (cnt[d] == 0)
                    curDivs.erase(d);
            }
            rg--;
        }
        
        for (int a : divs[x1]) {
            auto it = curDivs.upper_bound(a);
            if (it == curDivs.end())
                continue;
            
            int b = *it;
            if (x1 / a * 1ll * b <= n) {
                int y1 = id[b];
                
                ans[x1] = {x1, y1, x1 / a * b, y1 / b * a};
            }
        }
    }
    
    fore(i, 1, n + 1) {
        if (ans[i].empty())
            cout << -1 << '\n';
        else {
            cout << ans[i][0] << " " << ans[i][1] << " " << ans[i][2] << " " << ans[i][3] << '\n';
        }
    }
}

int main() {
#ifdef _DEBUG
    freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
    int tt = clock();
#endif
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
    cout << fixed << setprecision(15);
    
    if(read()) {
        solve();
        
#ifdef _DEBUG
        cerr << "TIME = " << clock() - tt << endl;
        tt = clock();
#endif
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;

#define forn(i, n) for(int i = 0; i < int(n); i++)

const int N = 60;

typedef array<int, N> num;

num operator ^(const num &a, const num &b){
    num c;
    forn(i, N){
        c[i] = a[i] + b[i];
        if (c[i] >= 3) c[i] -= 3;
    }
    return c;
}

mt19937 rnd(42);

int main(){
    int n;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    vector<int> a(n);
    forn(i, n){
        scanf("%d", &a[i]);
        --a[i];
    }
    
    vector<num> nums(n);
    forn(i, n) forn(j, N) nums[i][j] = rnd() % 3;
    
    vector<vector<int>> pos(n);
    vector<num> pr(1);
    map<num, int> cnt;
    cnt[pr[0]] = 1;
    int cur = 0;
    long long ans = 0;
    forn(i, n){
        pr.push_back(pr.back() ^ nums[a[i]]);
        pos[a[i]].push_back(i);
        if (pos[a[i]].size() >= 4){
            while (cur <= pos[a[i]][int(pos[a[i]].size()) - 4]){
                --cnt[pr[cur]];
                ++cur;
            }
        }
        ans += cnt[pr.back()];
        ++cnt[pr.back()];
    }
    
    printf("%lld\n", ans);
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;

#define forn(i, n) for(int i = 0; i < int(n); i++)

typedef unsigned long long uli;

vector<int> a;
vector<pair<int, int>> t;
vector<int> ps;

pair<int, int> merge(const pair<int, int> &a, const pair<int, int> &b){
    if (a.first != b.first)
        return min(a, b);
    return make_pair(a.first, a.second + b.second);
}

void push(int v){
    if (v * 2 + 1 < int(ps.size())){
        ps[v * 2] += ps[v];
        ps[v * 2 + 1] += ps[v];
    }
    t[v].first += ps[v];
    ps[v] = 0;
}

void build(int v, int l, int r){
    if (l == r - 1){
        t[v] = make_pair(0, 1);
        return;
    }
    int m = (l + r) / 2;
    build(v * 2, l, m);
    build(v * 2 + 1, m, r);
    t[v] = merge(t[v * 2], t[v * 2 + 1]);
}

void upd(int v, int l, int r, int L, int R, int val){
    push(v);
    if (L >= R)
        return;
    if (l == L && r == R){
        ps[v] = val;
        push(v);
        return;
    }
    int m = (l + r) / 2;
    upd(v * 2, l, m, L, min(m, R), val);
    upd(v * 2 + 1, m, r, max(m, L), R, val);
    t[v] = merge(t[v * 2], t[v * 2 + 1]);
}

int main(){
    int n;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    a.resize(n);
    forn(i, n){
        scanf("%d", &a[i]);
        --a[i];
    }
    t.resize(4 * n);
    ps.resize(4 * n);
    build(1, 0, n);
    vector<vector<int>> pos(n, vector<int>(1, -1));
    long long ans = 0;
    forn(i, n){
        int k = pos[a[i]].size();
        if (k >= 1) upd(1, 0, n, pos[a[i]][k - 1] + 1, i + 1, 1);
        if (k >= 3) upd(1, 0, n, pos[a[i]][k - 3] + 1, pos[a[i]][k - 2] + 1, -1);
        if (k >= 4) upd(1, 0, n, pos[a[i]][k - 4] + 1, pos[a[i]][k - 3] + 1, 1);
        pos[a[i]].push_back(i);
        push(1);
        if (t[1].first == 0) ans += t[1].second - (n - i - 1);
    }
    printf("%lld\n", ans);
}