Hi! I need help in calculating $$$\sum\frac{1}{n^2}\%MOD$$$.
Where $$$MOD$$$ is a prime number .
I know that taking of inverse modulo for every $$$k^2$$$ where $$$ 1 \le k \le n $$$ then adding them up and taking modulo.
But if $$$n$$$ is order of $$$10^9$$$ then how to do it ?
Any faster way to do it ?
Thanks .
[Wrong approach]
If I dont understand wrong. just calculate S = the total sum of 1 / k^2 for every 1 ≤ k ≤ n in O(sqrt(n))
Then the result will be S % MOD = S — floor(S / MOD) * MOD
Can you please elaborate ?
Try this n = 5 and mod = 7 . I think the answer will be 6 .
Your $$$S$$$ isn't an integer, but a real number. Your formula gives a real number as the result, not an integer.
Yeah Xellos You are right .
if n = 5, and mod = 7 then
S = 1 / 1 + 1 / 4 + 1 / 9 + 1 / 16 + 1 /25 % 7
But why the result is 6 ? How to calculate the modulo of real number, I thought module result something left when remove the biggest number smaller than N and divides MOD
$$$S = 5269/3600 = 6$$$ because $$$3600 \cdot 6 = 5269$$$ modulo $$$7$$$. Read about modular division.
I thought the formula to calculate S was
S = 1 / 1 ^ 2 + 1 / 2 ^ 2 + 1 / 3 ^ 2 + ... + 1 / n ^ 2
$$$1/1^2 + 1/2^2 + 1/3^2 + 1/4^2 + 1/5^2 = 5259/3600$$$, just use a calculator...
Sorry, I used google calculator and it give wrong answer
Oh I found the blog talk about real number modulo
You can't define modulo for a general real number except perhaps as "subtract/add mod until you get a number in [0, mod)", which isn't an integer. You can make some sort of definition in special cases, e.g. $$$\sqrt{x} \equiv y$$$ if $$$y^2 = x$$$ modulo $$$mod$$$, but this has its own problem, most importantly non-uniqueness, which makes it much more impractical as a hash to check correctness in a contest. Multiplicative inverse has no such problems, coprimality guarantees nice properties.
How large can $$$MOD$$$ be?
I wrote a brute-force solution and printed out the result (($$$1 / i^2$$$)%$$$MOD$$$) for each $$$i$$$ until $$$n$$$ and found out that the values are cyclically repeated with cycle length equal to $$$MOD$$$. So if you calculate just one cycle and store it in an array you can get the final result easily.
Please correct me if I am wrong.
Mod can be 1e9 + 7 .
$$$ \frac{\pi^2}{6} \mod p$$$
Seriously, maybe this sum can be simplified if you express its summands as degrees of some primitive root.
How do you compute an irrational number modulo a prime? I think he means $$$\sum_{n=1}^N \frac{1}{n^2}$$$, that's a rational number.
I considered the possibility that it was a joke, but I wasn't sure...
Here's an idea: the sum for even $$$n$$$ is $$$\frac{1}{4}\sum_{n=1}^{N/2} \frac{1}{n^2}$$$, the rest is the sum for odd $$$n$$$. This way, you can split the sum based on the smallest few primes in the decomposition of $$$n$$$ in the summands. There aren't that many primes below $$$10^9$$$ and small enough sums can be precomputed, so this could give a decent runtime.
Also note that $$$(ab)^{-1} = a^{-1} \cdot b^{-1}$$$, which saves a lot of time spent on computing modular inverses.
Thanks .
i didnt get it exactly. can you please explain it bit more or give any link where i could study this topic?
You can precompute each sum with step $$$10^6$$$. On ideone for range $$$10^7$$$ runtime is $$$1.32$$$ seconds, then for $$$10^9$$$ runtime is $$$132$$$ seconds (two minutes). Now you know each sum with step $$$10^6$$$ and can copy-paste array into code. So, you can find any required sum with precalculated values by addition at most $$$10^6$$$ terms.