Looking at the scripts that Codeforces is loading, I found that it is using Evercookie. Evercookie is a script written by Samy Kamkar (the same guy who created Samy worm) which creates "supercookies", pieces of information that a website can store on the user's machine that are intentionally made difficult to get rid of. Supercookies are generally used for tracking, and the use of such technology would be understandable for an anti-privacy company such as Facebook, but why is Codeforces doing this?
We need it to fight with cheaters only. This information can be useful for analyzing dishonest behavior. Every round we have dozens of people trying to break the rules — this helps to identify them. Each round I spend from an hour or more on the analysis of suspicious coincidences in solutions, the first places of troll accounts in div2, and so on. This is a big, though unnoticeable job.
A silent guardian, a watchful protector, a dark knight.
"anti-privacy company such as Facebook".. LMAO!
It's an accurate description.
Btw, how did you catch this thing? "By hand" or there is a tool for that? My ghostery plugin does not see it...
You can see a bunch of evercookies as cookies set on requests to Codeforces.
You can also see these measures on the login page source.
Codeforces also uses browser fingerprinting.