Hello CodeForces Community,
Input / Output in Python can be sometimes time taking in cases when the input is huge or we have to output many number of lines, or a huge number of arrays(lists) line after line.
I have come across many questions on CodeForces where the style of taking input and printing makes your code quite faster.
For Input :-
Normally, the input is taken from STDIN in the form of String using input()
. And this STDIN is provided in the Judge's file. So why not try reading the input directly from the Judge's file using the Operating system(os) module, and input / output(io) module. This reading can be done in the form of bytes.
The code for that would be :-
import io,os
input = io.BytesIO(os.read(0,os.fstat(0).st_size)).readline
or a native method (which can be used for not too large inputs) :-
import sys
input = sys.stdin.readline
Now for Output :-
Instead of throwing the output to the STDOUT, we can try writing to the Judge's sytem file. The code for that would be to use sys.stdout.write
instead of print
. But remember you can only output strings using this, so convert the output to string using str
or map
.
Examples :-
For printing an integer, instead of
print(n)
Use :-
sys.stdout.write(str(n) + "\n")
For printing a list of integers, instead of
print(*list)
Use :-
sys.stdout.write(" ".join(map(str,list)) + "\n")
Now Program examples On CodeForces, where this was useful :-
I want to add something. When using BytesIO method of input, reading strings does not work normally like the STDIN method. Rather it returns a bytecoded string (I say bytecoded string, I am not sure what it's really called).
Suppose you input a string
somestring
as follows, and then print itIt will print
b'somestring'
,rather thansomestring
. If you want to printsomestring
you will have to decode the bytecoded string, and do something like this:So, the overall code will be:
Remember this only happens in the case of strings. Integers behave normally.
Thanks a lot! I was getting TLE of 2 sec problem. After implementing this i made it in 1091 ms. It is very very helpful when you have to take input or give output in a loop/several times.
I used
input = io.BytesIO(os.read(0,os.fstat(0).st_size)).readline
and it just returns empty string without waiting for input.What am I doing wrong?
whole code please?
Using it in shell for example:
Looks like this code needs to read input from I/O redirection. Use it like:
and
$ python3 test.py < input.txt
Thanks.
And, do you know why 147370723 didn't work? The previous submission (147342596) got TL, and I just used this method of input for list "a" in the next one.
I just modified your solution and tested a bit, it can be TLE again (no runtime error) but still not passing the tests.
You can refer to 147473106 which is what I got after modifying your implementation. I use
set
instead oflist
to indicate whether a row/col is colored or not.I took a look at your solution and updated mine (147482726); yours got AC and mine TL again. (I wonder why)
But finally I could use this method of input. As it seems, it should not be mixed with other methods.
And the big question for me is that why
io.BytesIO(os.read(0, os.fstat(0).st_size)).readline
cant be used in place of theinput
variable it is assigned to. (it would return empty string)i am getting an error while using this line of code:
input = io.BytesIO(os.read(0,os.fstat(0).st_size)).readline
What error?
Which language is the best for competitive programming.
Well, each language has strength and weakness.
Python is very convenient, but the speed is very slow and you will easily get TLE. C++ is mainstream language and very fast, but it is easy to fail system test, like forget long long int and some variable numbers may exceed 2147483647.
Java, go, swift also have pro and cons.
The best strategy is that you should master more than one language, one fast and one slow, like c++ and python. For loose constraint problem, use python to save time, and for tight constraint problem, use C++ to get passed.
Thanks
Hey! I have used above methods but they do not work for me , even if they are working on my local machine .Please check these submissions 164067953 and 164066429 and help me to recitify the mistakes. Thank you
The solutions have Wrong Answer because your logic is incorrect....
Fast Input / Output will only work if your logic is correct (obviously) :p
Yes
It's been 3 years since this was posted.
I'd say newer Python versions work well with
print(' '.join(map(str, A)))
andopen(0).read().split()
.The
io.BytesIO
approach might be better for string based inputs (to not have utf8 on by default). I couldn't measure the difference at all withsys.stdout.write
orio.BytesIO
onint
inputs.The general idea is to read the whole input once and process it in memory (as is the case in the longer example above). Similarly, calling
print
once is as fast as callingsys.stdout.write
.print(*A)
is slower thanprint(' '.join(map(str, A)))
.