Input:

3
1 2 5

Output:

1 3 6

Explanation:

Day 1: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{1}{1} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{1} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{5}{1} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$1, 2, 5$$$ } — First group of size 1: Any of {$$$1$$$} {$$$2$$$} {$$$5$$$}

Day 2: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{1}{2} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{2} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{5}{2} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$0, 1, 2$$$ }

Day 3: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{1}{3} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{3} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{5}{3} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$0, 0, 1$$$ } — First group of size 2: Only {$$$1, 2$$$}

Day 4: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{1}{4} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{4} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{5}{4} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$0, 0, 1$$$ }

Day 5: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{1}{5} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{5} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{5}{5} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$0, 0, 1$$$ }

Day 6: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{1}{6} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{6} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{5}{6} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$0, 0, 0$$$ } — First group of size 3: Only {$$$1, 2, 5$$$}

Input:

3
1 1 5

Output:

1 1 6

Explanation:

Day 1: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{1}{1} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{1}{1} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{5}{1} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$1, 1, 5$$$ } — First group of size 1: Any of {$$$1$$$} {$$$1$$$} {$$$5$$$}

Day 2: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{1}{2} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{1}{2} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{5}{2} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$0, 0, 2$$$ } — First group of size 2: Only {$$$1, 1$$$}

Day 3: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{1}{3} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{1}{3} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{5}{3} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$0, 0, 1$$$ }

Day 4: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{1}{4} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{1}{4} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{5}{4} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$0, 0, 1$$$ }

Day 5: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{1}{5} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{1}{5} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{5}{5} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$0, 0, 1$$$ }

Day 6: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{1}{6} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{1}{6} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{5}{6} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$0, 0, 0$$$ } — First group of size 3: Only {$$$1, 2, 5$$$}

Input:

3
2 2 2

Output:

-1 -1 2

Explanation:

Day 1: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{2}{1} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{1} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{1} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$2, 2, 2$$$ } — First group of size 3: Only {$$$2, 2, 2$$$}

Day 2: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{2}{2} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{2} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{2} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$0, 0, 0$$$ }

Day 3: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{2}{3} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{3} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{3} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$0, 0, 0$$$ }

Day 3 $$$\leq k \rightarrow \infty$$$: $$$x[d] = $$$ { $$$ \lfloor \frac{2}{k} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{k} \rfloor, \lfloor \frac{2}{k} \rfloor$$$ } $$$=$$$ { $$$0, 0, 0$$$ } — There are no group of size 1 and 2

Since day $$$k > max(a[i])$$$ will make all array always being as $$$x[k] =$$$ {$$$0, 0, \dots, 0$$$}, we only need to check for each value $$$k \in [1, d]$$$. Then we can calculate how many group of size $$$s$$$ in day $$$k$$$. My approach is to increase the value $$$f[\lfloor \frac{a_i}{k} \rfloor] = s$$$ means in day $$$\lfloor \frac{a_i}{k} \rfloor$$$ have group of size $$$s$$$, then minimize the first day we have the group of size $$$s$$$

This approach is $$$O(n \times max(a_i))$$$

int main()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;

    vector<int> a(n);
    for (int &x : a) cin >> x;
    int k = *max_element(all(a)) + 1;

    vector<int> f(k + 1, 0);
    vector<int> q(n + 1, +INF);
    for (int x = 1; x <= k; ++x) /// Checking possible dividing value
    {
        for (int t : a) ++f[t / x];               /// Calculating value f[] for each day [t / x]
        for (int t : a) minimize(q[f[t / x]], x); /// Minimize first day have group of size k
        for (int t : a) --f[t / x];               /// Reset the array
    }

    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
        cout << (q[i] == +INF ? -1 : q[i]) << '\n';
    
    return 0;
}

Lets $$$setL$$$ be a set of good potential $$$k$$$ for dividing. Since there are some $$$k$$$ that having group of size $$$s$$$ but never will be good enough to be the smallest day. That is for each $$$a_i$$$, we find all $$$k$$$ that have smallest day $$$d$$$ that might appear a group of size $$$\lfloor \frac{a_i}{k} \rfloor$$$ and insert into $$$setL$$$.

The upper bound complexity is $$$O(n\ \times k log(k))$$$ where $$$k = |setL| = O(n \times \sqrt{max(a_i)})$$$ but since $$$a_i$$$ is small, and the bigger $$$n$$$ is, the more number of duplicate values will all be eliminated by using $$$set<>$$$. It would reduce both complexity and constant factor significantly

int main()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;

    set<int> setL;
    vector<int> a(n);
    for (int &x : a)
    {
        cin >> x;

        int sqrtx = sqrt(x);
        for (int t = 1; t <= sqrt(x); ++t)
        {
            setL.insert(x / t + 1);
            setL.insert(t + 1);
        }
        setL.insert(x + 1);
        setL.insert(1);
    }

    vector<int> res(n + 1, +INF);
    for (int x : setL)
    {
        map<int, int> F;
        for (int t : a) ++F[t / x];                 /// Calculating value f[] for each day [t / x]
        for (int t : a) minimize(res[F[t / x]], x); /// Minimize first day have group of size k
    }

    for (int g = 1; g <= n; ++g) cout << (res[g] == +INF ? -1 : res[g]) << '\n';
    return 0;
}

With $$$T = \sqrt{max(a_i)}$$$ then all such $$$k \leq T$$$ are potential. We only care for such $$$k > T$$$ which we can use branch and bound to reduce constant matter.

By using map, we can calculate faster by ignoring duplicates. Iterating through map reducing the $$$O(log)$$$ factor each query

int n;
vector<int> a;
map<int, int> b;
map<int, int>::iterator it;

int delta = 0;
vector<int> res;
void solve(int x)
{
    int sum = 0, val = -1;
    for (it = b.begin(); it != b.end(); ++it)
    {
        int cur = it->first / x;
        if (cur != val)
        {
            if (res[sum - 1] == +INF) delta--;
            minimize(res[sum - 1], x);
            val = cur;
            sum = 0;
        }
        sum += it->second;
    }
    if (res[sum - 1] == +INF) delta--;
    minimize(res[sum - 1], x);


    if (delta == 0)
    {
        for (int x : res) cout << x << '\n';
        exit(0);
    }
}

int main()
{
    cin >> n;
    a.resize(n);
    for (int &x : a)
    {
        cin >> x;
        ++b[x];
    }

    
    delta = n;
    res.assign(n, +INF);
    int k = ceil(sqrt(*max_element(all(a))));
    for (int x = 1; x <= k; ++x) solve(x);

    if (k > 1)
    {
        set<int, greater<int> > S;
        for (int x : a) S.insert(x);

        set<int> setL;
        for (int x : S) 
        {
            int lim = min(k, x / (k - 1));
            for (int t = 1; t <= lim; ++t)
            {
                int v = x / t + 1;
                setL.insert(v);
            }
        }
        for (int x : setL) solve(x);
    }

    for (int x : res) cout << (x == +INF ? -1 : x) << '\n';
    return 0;
}